Table 1. Major vs Minor spliceosome snRNAs and associated pro-teins.

+Sm proteins–B/B’, D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G

*U5 snRNA is shared between major and minor spliceosomes

# Denotes the centrifugal fraction in which the proteins were identified

Note: Dynamic changes in protein compositions of the snRNPs during splicing stages are not shown and the reader is referred to [13, 14] for more details.

4. Turunen JJ, Niemela EH, Verma B, Frilander MJ (2013). Turunen JJ, Niemela EH, Verma B, Frilander MJ. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 4(1): 61-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1141

13. Will CL, Luhrmann R (2011). ). Spliceosome structure and function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 3(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a003707

14. Wahl MC, Will CL, Luhrmann R (2009). The spliceosome: design principles of a dynamic RNP machine.. Cell 136(4): 701-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.009

15. Heinrichs V, Bach M, Winkelmann G, Luhrmann R (1990). U1-specific protein C needed for efficient complex formation of U1 snRNP with a 5′ splice site. Science 247(4938): 69-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2136774

16. Pettersson I, Hinterberger M, Mimori T, Gottlieb E, Steitz JA (1984). The structure of mammalian small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Identification of multiple protein components reactive with anti-(U1)ribonucleoprotein and anti-Sm autoantibodies. J Biol Chem 259(9): 5907-5914. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=6232278

17. Will CL, Luhrmann R (1997). Protein functions in pre-mRNA splicing. Curr Opin Cell Biol 9(3): 320-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-0674(97)80003-8

18. Behrens SE, Tyc K, Kastner B, Reichelt J, Luhrmann R (1993). Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) U2 contains numerous additional proteins and has a bipartite RNP structure under splicing conditions. Mol Cell Biol 13(1): 307-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.13.1.307

19. Will CL, Schneider C, MacMillan AM, Katopodis NF, Neubauer G, Wilm M, Luhrmann R, Query CC (2001). A novel U2 and U11/U12 snRNP protein that associates with the pre-mRNA branch site. EMBO J 20(16): 4536-4546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.16.4536

20. Achsel T, Ahrens K, Brahms H, Teigelkamp S, Luhrmann R (1998). The human U5-220kD protein (hPrp8) forms a stable RNA-free complex with several U5-specific proteins, including an RNA unwindase, a homologue of ribosomal elongation factor EF-2, and a novel WD-40 protein. Mol Cell Biol 18(11): 6756-6766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.11.6756

21. Bach M, Winkelmann G, Luhrmann R (1989). 20S small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U5 shows a surprisingly complex protein composition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86(16): 6038-6042. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2527369

22. . Schneider C, Will CL, Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Lührmann R (2002). Human U4/U6.U5 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNPs exhibit similar protein compositions. Mol Cell Biol 22(10): 3219-3229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.22.10.3219-3229.2002

24. Will CL, Schneider C, Reed R, Lührmann R (1999). Identification of both shared and distinct proteins in the major and minor spliceosomes. Science 284(5422): 2003-2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5422.2003

25. Will CL, Schneider C, Hossbach M, Urlaub H, Rauhut R, Elbashir S, Tuschl T, Lührmann R (2004). The human 18S U11/U12 snRNP contains a set of novel proteins not found in the U2-dependent spliceosome. RNA 10(6): 929-941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.7320604

23. Nottrott S, Urlaub H, Luhrmann R (2002). Hierarchical, clustered protein interactions with U4/U6 snRNA: a biochemical role for U4/U6 proteins.. EMBO J 21(20): 5527-5538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf544

26. Lorkovic ZJ, Lehner R, Forstner C, Barta A (2005). Evolutionary conservation of minor U12-type spliceosome between plants and humans. RNA 11(7): 1095-1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.2440305