FIGURE 4: NPM1 sensing for nucleolar stress. Nucleolar oxidation is a general response to nucleolar stress. S-glutathionylation and nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 are indispensable for p53 activation in nucleolar stress [31].

31. Yang K, Wang M, Zhao Y, Sun X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou A, Chu H, Zhou H, Xu J, Wu M, Yang J, and Yi J (2016). A redox mechanism underlying nucleolar stress sensing by nucleophosmin. Nature communications 7: 13599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13599