Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death in response to inflammation. It involves in the pathogenesis and outcomes of atherosclerosis characterized by NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, membrane pore formation, cell swelling, pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokine release. There are known pyroptosis molecular pathways including the caspase-1 depended canonical signaling pathway and the caspase-4/5/11 determined non-canonical signaling pathway. It is essential to explore the connection among NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and atherosclerosis, which may shed light on the potential therapeutic strategies that target pyroptosis in atherosclerotic treatment.